Science — Page 3

Diamond is the hardest known natural material.

Diamond is the hardest known natural material, with a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale. It is formed from pure carbon…

Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe.

Plasma is the fourth state of matter, after solid, liquid and gas. It is formed by ionised gas at very high…

Aerogel is one of the lightest solids in the world.

Aerogel is a solid material with very low density, composed of up to 99.8 percent air. It is so light that a block…

Time crystals are a new state of matter.

Time crystals are structures that repeat in time, not just in space, like normal crystals. They were proposed in 2012…

Buckyballs are carbon molecules shaped like a ball.

Buckyballs, or fullerenes, are carbon molecules with 60 atoms arranged in a hollow sphere, similar to a football…

Most of an iceberg is underwater.

About 90 percent of an iceberg's volume is submerged. This happens because ice is less dense than seawater, but not…

The pitch drop experiment has been running for almost a century.

The pitch drop experiment began in 1927 at the University of Queensland in Australia, to demonstrate that pitch…

Wine tears are due to the Marangoni effect.

Wine tears or legs are droplets that run down the walls of the glass. They form because ethanol evaporates faster…

Graphene conducts electricity better than copper.

Graphene, a sheet of carbon one atom thick, conducts electricity with much less resistance than copper, making it…

Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals.

Tungsten melts at 3,422 degrees Celsius, the highest melting point of any metal. This property makes it ideal for…

Astatine is the rarest element in the Earth's crust.

Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, with less than 30 grams present on the…

All 118 elements of the periodic table exist naturally on Earth.

Of the 118 elements in the periodic table, only about 90 occur naturally on Earth. The rest were created in the…

In 2025, artificial intelligence helped identify a new hypernucleus with two strange quarks.

A hypernucleus is an atomic nucleus that contains at least one hyperon, a particle with strange quarks. AI analysed…

Bismuth is a metal that naturally forms iridescent, stair-step shaped crystals, known as hopper crystals, as it cools.

When molten bismuth cools, the outer edges solidify faster than the interior, creating this unique geometric…

Gold and copper are the only metals that are not naturally silvery or gray in their pure form.

The yellow color of gold and the reddish color of copper result from how the electrons in these metals absorb and…

Graphene is the thinnest and strongest material known to science.

Composed of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure, graphene is about two hundred times…

The only letter that does not appear in any United States state name is the letter Q.

When analyzing the names of the fifty states, it is found that all other letters of the English alphabet are present…

A diamond can be shattered with a standard hammer due to its distinct cleavage planes.

Although it is the hardest natural material, diamond is brittle and can break along specific directions in its…

The periodic table originally had gaps that were accurately predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev.

Mendeleev left blank spaces in his table for elements that had not yet been discovered, correctly predicting their…

Helium was first discovered in the sun before it was found on Earth.

Astronomers detected an unknown spectral line in sunlight during an eclipse in eighteen sixty-eight, naming the new…

The universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, driven by a mysterious force called dark energy.

Discovered in the late twentieth century, dark energy makes up about sixty-eight percent of the universe and acts as…

The strongest known natural material is spider silk, which is five times stronger than steel of the same weight.

This fibrous protein possesses a unique combination of tensile strength and elasticity, making it stronger than steel…

The total mass of the Earth's atmosphere is approximately 5 quadrillion tons.

This enormous amount of air exerts significant pressure on the planet's surface, being essential for life and…

The pH of human blood is strictly maintained between 7.35 and 7.45.

Any deviation from this narrow range can lead to severe conditions such as acidosis or alkalosis, so the body uses…